[프로그래머스 알고리즘] 16강: 우선순위 큐 (Priority Queues)

우선순위 큐 (Priority Queue)

큐가 FIFO(First in First out) 방식을 따르지 않고 원소들의 우선순위에 따라 큐에서 빠져나오는 방식

ex) 운영체제의 cpu 스케줄러

 

우선순위 큐 구현 방식

• enqueue할때 우선순위 순서를 유지하도록 --> 더 유리함. 
• dequeue할때 우선순위 높은 것을 선택

자료 형태에 따라서 

• 선형 배열 --> 공간적으로는 더 유용
• 연결 리스트 이용 --> 시간적으로는 더 유용 

 

16강 실습: 우선순위 큐의 enqueue 연산 구현

class Node:

    def __init__(self, item):
        self.data = item
        self.prev = None
        self.next = None


class DoublyLinkedList:

    def __init__(self):
        self.nodeCount = 0
        self.head = Node(None)
        self.tail = Node(None)
        self.head.prev = None
        self.head.next = self.tail
        self.tail.prev = self.head
        self.tail.next = None


    def __repr__(self):
        if self.nodeCount == 0:
            return 'LinkedList: empty'

        s = ''
        curr = self.head
        while curr.next.next:
            curr = curr.next
            s += repr(curr.data)
            if curr.next.next is not None:
                s += ' -> '
        return s


    def getLength(self):
        return self.nodeCount


    def traverse(self):
        result = []
        curr = self.head
        while curr.next.next:
            curr = curr.next
            result.append(curr.data)
        return result


    def reverse(self):
        result = []
        curr = self.tail
        while curr.prev.prev:
            curr = curr.prev
            result.append(curr.data)
        return result


    def getAt(self, pos):
        if pos < 0 or pos > self.nodeCount:
            return None

        if pos > self.nodeCount // 2:
            i = 0
            curr = self.tail
            while i < self.nodeCount - pos + 1:
                curr = curr.prev
                i += 1
        else:
            i = 0
            curr = self.head
            while i < pos:
                curr = curr.next
                i += 1

        return curr


    def insertAfter(self, prev, newNode):
        next = prev.next
        newNode.prev = prev
        newNode.next = next
        prev.next = newNode
        next.prev = newNode
        self.nodeCount += 1
        return True


    def insertAt(self, pos, newNode):
        if pos < 1 or pos > self.nodeCount + 1:
            return False

        prev = self.getAt(pos - 1)
        return self.insertAfter(prev, newNode)


    def popAfter(self, prev):
        curr = prev.next
        next = curr.next
        prev.next = next
        next.prev = prev
        self.nodeCount -= 1
        return curr.data


    def popAt(self, pos):
        if pos < 1 or pos > self.nodeCount:
            return None

        prev = self.getAt(pos - 1)
        return self.popAfter(prev)


    def concat(self, L):
        self.tail.prev.next = L.head.next
        L.head.next.prev = self.tail.prev
        self.tail = L.tail

        self.nodeCount += L.nodeCount


class PriorityQueue:

    def __init__(self):
        self.queue = DoublyLinkedList()


    def size(self):
        return self.queue.getLength()

    def isEmpty(self):
        return self.size() == 0

    def enqueue(self, x):
        newNode = Node(x)
        curr = self.queue.head

        while (curr.next.data != None)  and (newNode.data <curr.next.data):
            curr = curr.next
        self.queue.insertAfter(curr, newNode)

    def dequeue(self):
        return self.queue.popAt(self.queue.getLength())

    def peek(self):
        return self.queue.getAt(self.queue.getLength()).data